Using mathematical induction and the definition nCr=n!r! (n−r)!\displaystyle nC_r=\frac{n!}{r!\,(n-r)!}nCr=r!(n−r)!n!, prove that ∑r=1nrCr=(n+12)\sum_{r=1}^{n} rC_r = \binom{n+1}{2}∑r=1nrCr=(2n+1) for all n∈Z+n\in\mathbb Z^{+}n∈Z+.