4. Evolution occurs when heritable characteristics of a species change. The diagram shows an evolutionary chart of elephants.
(a) (i) Identify which species is most closely related to the Asian elephant. [1]
(ii) State the type of evolution that occurred with the elephants and their ancestors. [1]
(b) Charles Darwin observed differences in the beaks of several finch species on the Galapagos Islands.
illustrations of four finch beaks
(i) Outline the development of beak differences in these finches. [3]
(ii) All organisms of the same species have the same number of chromosomes. Describe the processes that maintain a constant chromosome number in new body cells of a growing organism. [3]