- Oxygen dissociation curves show the percentage of oxygen saturation of adult haemoglobin (Hb) at different oxygen concentrations, as measured in partial pressure of oxygen (pO₂).

(a) Identify the percentage of oxygen saturation of haemoglobin at a partial pressure of 40 mmHg. [1]
(b) Describe the relationship between partial pressure of oxygen (pO₂) and percent saturation of haemoglobin. [2]
(c) On the graph, sketch an oxygen dissociation curve for foetal haemoglobin. [1]
(d) Describe an adaptation of haemoglobin for the transport of oxygen. [1]
(e) Describe how tidal volume can be measured in a human. [3]