IB Chemistry HL Structure 1: Models of the particulate nature of matter questions

Exam-style multiple choice and written questions with full markschemes. Check multiple choice answers straight away, or type, photograph or draw a written answer and get it marked.

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Question 1

Multiple choiceEasy1 mark

Two samples of the same gas are at 20.0 °C and 40.0 °C. Which value is closest to the ratio of the average kinetic energy per particle at 40.0 °C to that at 20.0 °C?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: C. For the same gas, average kinetic energy per particle is proportional to temperature in kelvin. Converting gives 293.15 K and 313.15 K, so the ratio is 313.15/293.15 = 1.07.

A: calculates the fractional increase, 20/293.15 ≈ 0.07, rather than the final ratio.
B: reverses the ratio, using 293.15/313.15 ≈ 0.94.
D: uses the Celsius readings directly, giving 40.0/20.0 = 2.00.

Remember: use kelvin values when forming a ratio of temperatures.

Question 2

Paper 2Easy5 marks

Methanol with an isotopically labelled carbon atom is shown in Figure 1. The superscript gives the mass number of the labelled atom.

HH¹³COHH
(a)

Use the isotope label in Figure 1 and the periodic table to determine the numbers of protons and neutrons in the labelled atom’s nucleus.

[2]
(b)

For a neutral atom of this isotope, state the number of electrons, the charge of its nucleus, and where its electrons are located relative to the nucleus.

[3]

Question 3

Paper 2Easy5 marks

A student observes light from a hydrogen discharge tube using a spectroscope. Four emission lines are measured.

Wavelength / nm
656.3
486.1
434.0
410.2
(a)

State whether the spectrum consists of continuous or line emission.

[1]
(b)

State what happens to an electron when one of these photons is emitted.

[1]
(c)

Determine which photon, with wavelength 656.3 nm or 434.0 nm, has the greater energy. Justify your answer.

[2]
(d)

As the wavelength decreases through the values in the table, state how the spacing between successive spectral lines changes.

[1]

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