IB Chemistry HL S2.2 The covalent model questions

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Question 1

Paper 2Medium6 marks

Figure 1 shows reference bond angles for methane, ammonia and water. Each central atom has four electron domains.

012100102104106108110112Number of non-bonding electron domains on the central atomBond angle / °CH4NH3H2O
(a)

Use Figure 1 to state the bond angle in water and compare the bond angles in ammonia and water.

[2]
(b)

Explain the difference between the bond angles in ammonia and water in terms of the electron domains around their central atoms.

[2]
(c)

Ammonia reacts with a hydrogen ion to form an ammonium ion:

\ceNH3+H+−>NH4+\ce{NH3 + H+ -> NH4+}

Identify the atom that donates the electron pair to \ceH+\ce{H+} and explain why the N–H bond formed is a coordination bond.

[2]

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