IB Chemistry SL S2.1 The ionic model questions

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Question 1

Multiple choiceMedium1 mark

An ionic solid is made from X²⁺ and Y⁻ ions in a three-dimensional lattice. Which description gives both its empirical formula and its electrical conductivity in the solid and molten states?

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Answer: C. One X²⁺ requires two Y⁻ ions to give an electrically neutral formula, XY₂. In the solid lattice, ions are fixed in position and cannot carry charge through the solid. When molten, the ions are mobile and conduct electricity.
A: assumes a 1:1 ion ratio, so the formula does not balance charge.
B: reverses the conductivity behaviour: ions are fixed in the solid but mobile when molten.
D: assumes ions cannot conduct even when molten, overlooking their mobility.
Remember: ionic compounds conduct when their ions are mobile.

Question 2

Paper 2Medium6 marks

Aluminium oxide is a hard material used in abrasive surfaces. An aluminium atom has electron configuration 2,8,3, and an oxygen atom has electron configuration 2,6. In forming ions in this compound, each atom attains a full outer energy level.

(a)

Deduce the ion formed by an aluminium atom, stating the number of electrons transferred.

[2]
(b)

Deduce the ion formed by an oxygen atom, stating the number of electrons transferred.

[2]
(c)

Use your answers to (a) and (b) to determine the simplest formula of aluminium oxide. Show how the charges determine the ratio of ions.

[2]

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