IB Physics HL A.2 Forces and momentum questions

Exam-style multiple choice and written questions with full markschemes. Check multiple choice answers straight away, or type, photograph or draw a written answer and get it marked.

Question 1

Multiple choiceHard1 mark

A body of mass MM moves at speed uu along the +x+x-direction and explodes into two pieces of masses αM\alpha M and (1−α)M(1-\alpha)M where 0<α<10<\alpha<1 The piece of mass αM\alpha M moves at speed vv perpendicular to the original motion. The external impulse during the explosion is negligible. What is the speed of the other piece divided by uu

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Answer: C. Total momentum is conserved as a vector. The other piece must have momentum components MuMu and −αMv-\alpha Mv so its speed is

(Mu)2+(αMv)2(1−α)M.\frac{\sqrt{(Mu)^2+(\alpha Mv)^2}}{(1-\alpha)M}.

Dividing by uu gives 1+α2(v/u)21−α\dfrac{\sqrt{1+\alpha^2(v/u)^2}}{1-\alpha}

A: assigns mass αM\alpha M rather than (1−α)M(1-\alpha)M to the other piece.
B: adds the perpendicular momentum components as scalar magnitudes.
D: uses only the xx-component and omits the momentum needed to cancel the first piece’s perpendicular component.
Remember: conserve momentum in each perpendicular direction before finding a resultant speed.

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