IB Physics SL Theme B: The particulate nature of matter questions

Exam-style multiple choice and written questions with full markschemes. Check multiple choice answers straight away, or type, photograph or draw a written answer and get it marked.

Question 1

Multiple choiceEasy1 mark

A region of Earth is measured twice. Its albedo is unchanged between measurements; the incident and scattered powers are shown. Which row gives the albedo and the scattered power in the later measurement, respectively?

MeasurementIncident power / WScattered power / W
First600150
Later1200—
Show answer and explanation

Answer: D. Albedo is total scattered power divided by total incident power. The first measurement gives 150/600=0.25150/600=0.25 With albedo unchanged, the later scattered power is 0.25×1200 W=300 W0.25\times1200\text{ W}=300\text{ W}
A: Keeps the initial scattered power instead of scaling it for the increased incident power.
B: Adds scattered power to incident power in the denominator, giving an albedo of 150/(600+150)=0.20150/(600+150)=0.20
C: Uses the non-scattered fraction, 1−0.25=0.751-0.25=0.75 as the albedo.
Remember: multiply incident power by albedo to find scattered power.

Question 2

Paper 2Easy6 marks

Infrared radiation emitted by Earth’s surface reaches a carbon dioxide molecule in the atmosphere. Figure 1 shows two possible incoming infrared photons and two energy levels of the molecule. The molecule’s natural vibration frequency is f0f_0 In this model, a photon of frequency ff has energy E=hfE=hf

Candidate infrared photonsCO2 molecule: energy levelsA: f=f0B: f=f0/2energyE1E0ΔE=hf0
(a)

Using Figure 1, identify which photon can be absorbed by the molecule. Explain your choice using the resonance model and the energy levels.

[3]
(b)

As the molecule returns from E1E_1 to E0E_0 state the frequency of the infrared radiation emitted.

[1]
(c)

State the directions in which the radiation is emitted and explain how this can contribute to the greenhouse effect at Earth’s surface.

[2]

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