IB Physics SL E.5 Fusion and stars questions

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Question 1

Multiple choiceMedium1 mark

An HR diagram for stars P and Q is shown. Their unequal stellar parallaxes, measured in arc-seconds, are pPp_P and pQp_Q respectively. Which expression gives dred giant/dwhite dwarfd_{\text{red giant}}/d_{\text{white dwarf}}

252015105010-310-210-11101001000Surface temperature, T / 103 KLuminosity, L/LsunPQ
Show answer and explanation

Answer: C. On the HR diagram, P is cool and luminous, so it is a red giant; Q is hot and faint, so it is a white dwarf. Using d (pc)=1/p (arc-second)d\text{ (pc)}=1/p\text{ (arc-second)}

dred giantdwhite dwarf=1/pP1/pQ=pQpP.\frac{d_{\text{red giant}}}{d_{\text{white dwarf}}} =\frac{1/p_P}{1/p_Q} =\frac{p_Q}{p_P}.

A: Uses the parallax ratio directly, as though distance were proportional to parallax.
B: Reverses the required ratio and adds an unnecessary square.
D: Squares the correct inverse-parallax ratio.

Remember: distance and parallax are inversely proportional.

Question 2

Paper 2Medium7 marks

In the core of a young star, deuterium nuclei fuse with protons according to

12H+11H→23He+γ.{}^{2}_{1}\mathrm{H}+{}^{1}_{1}\mathrm{H}\rightarrow{}^{3}_{2}\mathrm{He}+\gamma .

Figure 1 shows the binding energy per nucleon for the nuclei relevant to this reaction. The plotted values are approximate.

01234012345678Nucleon number, ABinding energy per nucleon / MeV11H21H32He42He

Use 1 MeV=1.60×10−13 J1\ \mathrm{MeV}=1.60\times10^{-13}\ \mathrm{J}

(a)

Use Figure 1 to determine the energy released per reaction. Give your answer in MeV to two significant figures.

[3]
(b)

At a particular stage, this reaction occurs at a rate of 2.0×1037 s−12.0\times10^{37}\ \mathrm{s^{-1}} Calculate the energy released per second by these reactions. Give your answer in W to two significant figures.

[2]
(c)

The reaction rate then falls to half its value in (b), while the energy released per reaction remains unchanged. Determine the new energy released per second and explain how it compares with your answer to (b).

[2]

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