IB Biology HL B2.2 Organelles and compartmentalization questions

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Question 1

Multiple choiceEasy1 mark

A phagocytic cell encloses an engulfed particle and digestive enzymes inside a membrane-bound vacuole. Which effect of this arrangement helps protect the cell’s cytoplasm?

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Answer: D. The vacuole confines digestive enzymes with the engulfed particle, separating them from cytoplasmic molecules and reducing unwanted digestion.

A: confuses the vacuole’s role with the increased inner-membrane surface area of mitochondria. B: reverses compartmentalization by spreading the enzymes through the cytoplasm. C: describes a mitochondrial adaptation, not the protective effect of a phagocytic vacuole.

Remember: compartments can keep biochemical processes apart or concentrate their components.

Question 2

Paper 2Easy5 marks

Figure 1 shows a schematic mitochondrion and the fusion of a lysosome with a phagocytic vacuole.

AXmatrixYBlysosomephagocytic vacuolefusiondigestive enzymesengulfed material
(a)

Identify the mitochondrial adaptations indicated by X and Y.

[2]
(b)

In which mitochondrial compartment are enzymes and substrates of the Krebs cycle concentrated?

[1]
(c)

Explain one advantage of the compartmentalization shown in panel B for the cell.

[2]

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