Question 1
Paper 2Medium4 marksTwenty-four participants learned to choose one of two buttons to obtain a reward. On each trial, one of two shapes appeared on a screen while one of two tones was played. There were four shape–tone combinations, and the correct button depended on the combination: neither the shape alone nor the tone alone predicted the correct button. Participants received feedback during four training blocks. Twenty-four hours later, they completed a test without feedback or further practice. With two possible buttons, chance performance is 50%.
The graph shows the mean percentage of correct choices in each block and at the 24-hour test. Means are rounded to the nearest whole percentage point.
Using Figure 1, explain what the results suggest about learning and memory.
Explain why successful performance in this task involves the brain processing information from both inputs.
State how this differs from the role of the spinal cord as an integrating centre.