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Biology SL

SLHL

Chapter 1: Elements, Molecules and Water

Begin molecular biology with the elements shared by living systems, the dose-dependent roles of trace elements, and the molecular explanation for water's life-supporting properties.

Estimated chapter time: 473 minutes

IB syllabus: A1.1 · A1.2 · B1.1 · B1.2 · SL and HL

Chapter Topics

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  1. 1How this chapter works
    1. 1.1From elements to life
    2. 1.2Reason across levels
    3. 1.3The chapter path
  2. 2Elements in living organisms
    1. 2.1Organic molecules and CHONPS
    2. 2.2Mass versus atom abundance
    3. 2.3Trace elements
    4. 2.4Deficiency, toxicity and bioaccumulation
  3. 3Water
    1. 3.1Polar structure and hydrogen bonds
    2. 3.2Solvent and transport
    3. 3.3Cohesion, adhesion and surface tension
    4. 3.4Thermal properties
    5. 3.5Ice density and insulation
    6. 3.6Water as habitat
  4. 4Organic molecules in living organisms
    1. 4.1Carbon's four-bond framework
    2. 4.2Four carbon-compound families
    3. 4.3Monomers, polymers and water
    4. 4.4Functional groups
  5. 5Carbohydrates
    1. 5.1Monosaccharides
    2. 5.2Disaccharides and glycosidic bonds
    3. 5.3Starch and glycogen
    4. 5.4Cellulose structure
    5. 5.5Energy and testing
  6. 6Lipids
    1. 6.1Lipid diversity
    2. 6.2Fatty-acid saturation
    3. 6.3Energy storage
    4. 6.4Phospholipids and membranes
    5. 6.5Adipose tissue
    6. 6.6Steroid hormones
    7. 6.7Lipids and health evidence
  7. 7Proteins
    1. 7.1Amino acids and peptide bonds
    2. 7.2Protein denaturation
  8. 8Nucleic acids
    1. 8.1Nucleotide structure
    2. 8.2DNA double helix
    3. 8.3DNA versus RNA
    4. 8.4DNA replication
    5. 8.5Information and diversity

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