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Biology HL

SLHL

Chapter 11: Evolution, Speciation and Ecosystems

Reconstruct ancestry with classification and cladistics, model how gene pools evolve and split, and connect adaptation, niches and competition to biodiversity.

Estimated chapter time: 738 minutes

IB syllabus: A3.1 · A3.2 · A4.1 · B4.1 · B4.2 · D4.1 · SL and HL

Chapter Topics

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  1. 1How this chapter works
    1. 1.1Four scales
    2. 1.2Evidence and explanation
    3. 1.3Chapter route
  2. 2Classification and cladistics
    1. 2.1Binomial nomenclature
    2. 2.2Three domains
    3. 2.3Dichotomous keys
    4. 2.4Clades and cladograms
    5. 2.5Molecular evidence
  3. 3Selection and gene pools
    1. 3.1Variation and selection
    2. 3.2Modes of selection
    3. 3.3Artificial selection
    4. 3.4Gene pools and drift
    5. 3.5Hardy–Weinberg
  4. 4Evolution and speciation
    1. 4.1Evolutionary claims
    2. 4.2Fossil evidence
    3. 4.3Observed and molecular evidence
    4. 4.4Speciation sequence
    5. 4.5Reproductive barriers
    6. 4.6Polyploidy and tempo
  5. 5Niches and biodiversity
    1. 5.1Habitat and niche
    2. 5.2Tolerance and sampling
    3. 5.3Fundamental and realised niches
    4. 5.4Competition and exclusion
    5. 5.5Extreme-niche adaptations
    6. 5.6Convergence and divergence
    7. 5.7Measuring biodiversity
  6. 6Chapter synthesis
    1. 6.1Causal chain
    2. 6.2High-value distinctions
    3. 6.3Data-question strategy

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