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Biology HL

SLHL

Chapter 9: Coordination, Muscles and Motility

Connect nervous coordination to reflexes, enteric movement, skeletons and joints, sliding-filament contraction, motor-unit recruitment and whole-animal locomotion.

Estimated chapter time: 645 minutes

IB syllabus: C3.1 · B3.3 · SL and HL

Chapter Topics

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  1. 1How this chapter works
    1. 1.1Two causal stories
    2. 1.2Comparison as an exam skill
    3. 1.3The chapter route
  2. 2Coordination, reflexes and peristalsis
    1. 2.1Stimulus to response
    2. 2.2Reflex arcs
    3. 2.3Cerebrum and cerebellum
    4. 2.4Enteric control
  3. 3Movement, skeletons and joints
    1. 3.1Movement not locomotion
    2. 3.2Skeletons and leverage
    3. 3.3Synovial joints
    4. 3.4Antagonistic muscles
  4. 4Muscle contraction and motor units
    1. 4.1Muscle hierarchy
    2. 4.2Excitation and calcium
    3. 4.3Cross-bridge cycle
    4. 4.4Titin
    5. 4.5Motor units
  5. 5Locomotion and swimming
    1. 5.1Why locomote
    2. 5.2Swimming mechanics
    3. 5.3Marine mammal adaptations
    4. 5.4Integrated movement
  6. 6Chapter synthesis
    1. 6.1Continuous mechanism
    2. 6.2High-value distinctions
    3. 6.3Diagram and data strategy

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