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Physics HL

Chapter 4: Linear Momentum

Build momentum thinking from Newton's second law, connect force-time area to impulse, and use conservation methods to solve one- and two-dimensional collisions.

Estimated chapter time: 155 minutes

Chapter Topics

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  1. 14.0 How to Work Through Momentum
    1. 1.1Why Momentum Is More Than Another Formula
    2. 1.2Conventions for This Chapter
  2. 24.1 Newton's Law and Impulse
    1. 2.1Momentum Form of Newton's Second Law
    2. 2.2Impulse as Momentum Change
    3. 2.3Why Longer Contact Time Reduces Peak Force
    4. 2.4Guided Practice: From Force-Time Shape to Final Speed
  3. 34.2 Conservation of Momentum
    1. 3.1Statement of the Law
    2. 3.2Choosing the Correct System Boundary
    3. 3.3Conservation with Mass Flow
  4. 44.3 Collision Models and Energy
    1. 4.1Momentum Is Always Conserved in Isolated Collisions
    2. 4.2What Kinetic Energy Tells You
    3. 4.3Coefficient of Restitution as a Continuum
    4. 4.4Guided Lab: Three Collision Signatures
  5. 54.4 Applications and Momentum Transfer
    1. 5.1Recoil and Opposite Momentum
    2. 5.2Momentum Flux in Continuous Processes
    3. 5.3Safety Engineering as Impulse Control
  6. 64.5 Two-Dimensional Collisions
    1. 6.1Resolve Momentum into Components
    2. 6.2Workflow for Unknown Speeds and Angles
    3. 6.3Fast Solve Pattern for Glancing Collisions

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How to Work Through Momentum